South Mountain State Battlefield

History: The Battle of South Mountain, which occurred on Sept. 14, 1862, was not only the first battle fought in Maryland but was also a critical turning point, ending a string of clear-cut Confederate victories and helping to define battle lines for the subsequent Battle of Antietam that took place in Sharpsburg.

More to Explore: The 40-mile-long park area encompasses three mountain gaps where the fighting was fiercest. This remote, wild expanse is known for its scenic beauty. The Appalachian National Scenic Trail runs through the battlefield. Make your first stop Washington Monument State Park, a favorite spot among bird-watchers and picnickers. Enjoy a meal at The Old South Mountain Inn, a local tavern that has been serving travelers since 1732 and during the Civil War was pressed into service as General D.H. Hill's headquarters. Nearby Boonsboro offers lodging and conveniences.